FLYING PHONE SCAM EXPOSED (so I built a REAL one)

WALLPAERS

I saw this video on Twitter with over five million views and then again on YouTube with nearly 1 million views Basically, this guy modified his cellphone case with propellers to take selfies Which is awesome my only issue with it is that it's not only fake, but it's a scam which I'll explain in a minute but as for being fake The first clue is that these are three volts seven millimeter micro brush motors like you see here if you attach one to a beam Like this and turn it on at full throttle you'll see the most weight that it can lift is six quarters or about thirty grams. The cell phone in the video with all the flying gear attached would weigh about 300 grams and since drones are typically designed to hover at 70% max thrust you would need at least 15 of these motors to do what he did, but you know, this just doesn't look as catchy In fact, we recreated the exact setup he used in the video and turn the motors to full throttle and this is what happened here. 

Here it is in slow mo and as you can see there's hardly any difference than if you don't turn the propellers on at all so I'm gonna show you how this scam artist somehow manages to break the laws of physics four more times in this three-minute video and then because obeying laws of physics isn't optional we're gonna call a fellow youtuber Captain Disillusion to see if he can help us spot any signs of a special effects. And then with my buddy Peter Sripol i'm going to show you what it would take to Actually build a flying selfie phone case and then i'll put all the details on a new set. I built using wix.com. But, before I do any of that let me first explain why this is a scam and not just a harmless fake video for meaningless internet points.  With this many views and An astounding 80% like ratio, which means most people probably didn't realize it was fake It's a statistical certainty that some young aspiring engineer actually tried to build this themselves worse than their parents phone dropping like a rock and breaking this might have been his or her first experience at making something.  But, how you might ask would they know what components to use well? here in the description amazing maker was kind enough to put links Amazon affiliate links you can tell by the URLs. 

So he is making money off the crushed dreams of aspiring engineers without enough experience yet to this is total BS and aspiring engineers are my people, and you don't mess with my people. Let's do this the second gratuitous violation of physics comes in this scene the force of gravity always points down but helicopter spinning blades create a force perpendicular to the blades themselves so if you want to hover you need to be level so the forces will cancel out and you won't move if you tilt forward and then break the thrust force into its x and y components you suddenly have an unbalanced force that will move you in that direction in essence that's how helicopters move forward by tipping forward in other words It's physically impossible to hover in an orientation like this The forward thrust component is unbalanced and it would have to move the phone forward The third major issue is the Arduino compatible circuit board he chose.  It's the same board here and it's supposed to be the brains for the drone yet, this specific model of board doesn't come with any sort of gyroscope or accelerometer. Here's why that matters if you've ever tried, balancing something on your hand like this you and your body we're creating what's referred to as a closed-loop feedback control system. So if it starts to tip over my eyes relay that to my brain and my hand says hey I'm no longer fuelling the weight just up and down it's also pushing my hand this way and so my brain takes all that information and responds by telling my hand to move this way at a specific speed in order to compensate. So, to keep this thing balanced there's this continuous loop of quickly gathering information and then making real-time adjustments and closed feedback loops are used all over in engineering from the simple case of a thermostat that continuously checks the air and turns on at a certain temperature to dart boards that update their position 200 times a second to get a bull's-eye every time to machines that are abused and most certainly for anything that flies and needs to stay in the air the fact that his board is missing a gyroscope and an accelerometer means there's no way for it to tell if it's starting to rotate or to fall in any direction It's the equivalent of trying to balance the board wearing a blindfold and an oven mitt you have no idea what adjustments to make to keep things balanced.  

Which is the perfect lead-in to the fourth major physics Flaw notice how he attaches these motors and rigidly fixes them to the phone double-stick tape this means if you start to tip forward you have no way to self-correct the phone orientation and it would just turn into a nosedive, if you only have two propellers in this configuration they both need to be able to rotate with respect to the phone in order to correct the movements in all six degrees of freedom for example if it starts to tip forward you could rotate them both back like this to correct for that.  Or if the wind is trying to spin the phone this way they could assume this configuration to counter that to return to our balancing shovel analogy by fixing the motors directly to the case you lose your ability to even make corrections so not only do you have no idea where to move, but your arm is locked out for making adjustments anyways which makes it literally impossible to balance. Owwww. 

My final physics issue with this video is one of acoustics this guy proposes using it as a hands-free way to watch your favorite super hip music videos conveniently dubbing over the audio here for reference this is what an episode of the office would sound like on a phone at full volume and don't forget that you would actually need 13 more motors than this so it would be at least six times louder.  [Extremely Loud Whirling Sound] So now that we thoroughly established a multitude of physical laws have been broken. Let's find out exactly how he faked it and to do that I've arranged video call with the undisputed heavyweight champion of the bunking fake videos using special effects Captain disillusion Be sure to get it as flush as possible against your skin to minimize folds that might make it hard to chroma key out like this nice and tight Captain oh hi Mart Mart robber you weren't supposed to call yet. It's 2 o'clock I'm actually even 5 minutes late, really. Well then. How can I help you did you not even watch the video I sent ah, yes, of course the mobile drone video I've analysed that thoroughly mark and my conclusion is it's totally real Seriously, yes Everything except for the mobile drone part, that's fake if you look very closely You might just be able to make out the huge chattering mask on the side of the phone Visible in every shot of it flying the creator must have been in a real hurry because it's so messy here it cuts off the edge of the phone here the tip of his finger and here it reveals the thing it's supposed to be hiding a rod. It's narrow and light-colored and probably attached with the same mounting tape He used to tack on all the other gadgets That's why he's able to grab and adjust the phone in this shot by the river the mask hides not just the stick But the whole person holding it look closer on this site the real-time Water and on this side a still frame from an empty version of the shot And if we track the phone's position and rotation we can easily 

Reverse-engineer exactly how the stick puppeteer did rotating mostly from the point where it was held Wow That was very impressive captain D Thank you for taking the time favorite part of this whole thing is the audio The tiny propellers must have made so little noise at a distance. It didn't give a proper drone vibe So the hoaxers recorded the sound of the motors up close and reused the same clip in every scene complete with their muttering voices in the background [Whirling Noise and Muffled Voices] Awesome well, thanks again. But, even though impressive is the number of posts messages and tweets Presumably from people with functioning eyeballs asking me if this painfully obvious edit is real over and over. Okay, captain will take care. I've got to go back to my even you mark how could you do this to me? How could you do? He's such a joker. So let's fake and now you know exactly all the reasons why but still a really interesting idea and I was curious what it would look like if you actually built one of these at using less special effects and more practical engineering. So, naturally I called in my buddy Peter Shree people whose qualifications Include building his own electric flame from scratch and he immediately got to work. Turns out if you take two brushless motors to electronic motor speed controllers a flight controller that actually has a gyroscope and an accelerometer Integrated a 3d printed frame and two servos to articulate the rotors a radio transmitter for remote control and a force the lipo battery and then you put them all together it actually works. Kind of we had to do a bunch of test flights to calibrate that Feedback control loop we talked about before so if we notice the drone is either under compensating or over compensating when it starts to fall in a certain way we tweak the response sensitivity in between flights until we get to the sweet spot and I should mention remember how the motors from the fake video could barely Lift only six quarters. Well, if you properly sized them for the task at hand, they should be able to lift 150 quarters. And so once we felt like we had it in pretty good shape. We took her out for the maiden test flight [Music Plays] They in our defense it was a little windy out there but as you can see, it can be pretty wobbly at times the truth is a bike copter like this totally works it just isn't a great design choice. The reason pretty much all camera drones are quad copters is because they're much more stable due to a larger footprint shared between four motors and by getting clever with the throttle speeds you can move in all six degrees of freedom with no moving parts So there you go with solid engineering.

 You don't need hidden rods or masking and rotoscoping and Sir Isaac Newton can once again comfortably rest in his grave. So, the moral of the story is just don't cheat and lie in scam I actually considered going a little easier on Amazing Maker but then I happen to scan some of his other videos like this knee brace that Charges your phone and even powers this flashlight as you walk in theory I'll skip the details but in reality this system would also never work as shown which is why if you whine that and stabilize on his hand in the pocket you see him click a hidden flash light switch. [Boom] If you want to build a flying selfie foam case yourself you can watch the video Peter made with all the juicy details. You can find that on his channel or new website I created called mark rover build instructions.com, and on that site and you'll actually see build instructions for tons of different projects from my channel, which was made possible by the fine folks at wix.com I wanted something simple and classy and I almost feel a little guilty I can make something dysfunctional and it only took about an hour in part. Thanks to a series of questions you answer when you get started that means right off the bat you're close to what you want, but you can still customize it as much as you like from there including lining it with one of the hundreds of templates they have and my website is just a simple way to communicate information but you can make one for your personal brand or your portfolio, or maybe a new website for your business to sell stuff, or even book appointments right there.  And it's free to sign up to start designing and publishing and it's honestly a lot of fun. So, to flex your creative muscles for the whole world to see go to wix.com Slash go slash mark rover or use the link of the video description to get started Thanks for watching

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PAINT Super Soaker Battle (w/ Colin Furze)- Splatoon IRL

  When the super soaker was first invented, it was a game changer in my neighborhood. So I wanted to make a version of my own, only instead of shooting water it would shoot paint. But my wife wont let me shoot it in the house, so my awesome brother made me this. But its not really fun to shoot a paint gun by yourself, so in my ongoing quest to be the favorite uncle, I decided to invite my nieces and nephews. You guys ready to do this? Wait, we're gonna ruin our clothes! Ah, good point. But before we drastically change the appearance of this room, let's just take a moment to appreciate the build quality. Shoutout to David and Ryan from the YouTube channel Eclectical Engineering for helping with the guns. 

They're the same guys who help me build the world's largest nerf gun. You guys ready to do this? Okay. Goooo! Say hello to my little friend! So, that could've gone better, but I still have some science to discuss. Each gun has a pump which gets power from a battery, and a pump is just a propeller that spins really fast, and pulls paint from this side and just shoots it out Nobody cares! And now it was personal, which left me only one option. YouTube superstar colinfurze. You know, this guy. Colin- Hello Mark, how's it going? Not great! Colin- The *bark* are you wearing? Colin- Are you covered in paint? Yeah, I challenged my nieces and nephews to a paint war and it didn't go very well, so, I need your help Colin. Colin- So basically, you need old Furze's help here, Colin- so you can go there and totally destroy your nieces and nephews? Pretty much. You've come to the right place! Right, let me think, let me think, what do we got, what can we do? Yup. I've got it, this is what we need to do! Its gonna get proper hot when you do this, alright? So don't put this thing anywhere near this *laughs* your face could be a mess. You soak this in gasoline, alright? When you throw this in the air, okay, make sure you catch And that's it. I think if you do everything I've told ya those kids are not gonna stand a chance mate you're gonna totally destroy them. Now next thing, what are you wearing mate? Come on! How many times have I told ya hey look the part you've got to do the dress Good luck! (music) you might have noticed I hung a bunch of blank white canvases on the wall before we started 

so if you need some new wall decor I'm gonna tell you how you can get one in just a second but first I want to say thank you to a company that I discovered recently called Kiwicrate.com for sponsoring this video if you've never heard of them they ship these crates to your house that have science experiments or games or crafts for kids and the contents of the box have a different theme each month and they vary in complexity for kids from age 3 all the way through high school and the coolest part is it's not just another toy because they're creating the project and learning the fundamental principles and then they get a play with it I tested this out with my nephew's by shipping them all boxes and they totally loved them so if you're looking for a worthwhile and non lame Christmas present for a young person in your life this is it and you can do a one-time shipment or you could subscribe so they have something to look forward to in the mail every month which is what I'm getting my nephew's to make up for drowning them in paint best of all if you use the link of the description or the promo code: kiwicrate.com/markrober not only is your first month free but as a thank you I will randomly select from those who use the code and personally ship you one of these canvases until I run out I wanna thank Colin Furze for giving me the tools to seek out my revenge you can see his channel there and david and ryan from electrical engineering for helping out the guns you check out their channel here and finally derek from beyond slo-mo for giving me those epic slo-mo shots his channel has a bunch of beautiful videos and you can see if there

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5 EPIC pranks in 60 seconds

  I like pranks, especially simple ones, so I'm gonna see how many I could squeeze into the next... 57 seconds Choose that one Facebook friend you don't really know that well. Then go back like five years on their timeline and like just a random, insignificant post. It's subtle, but once they get the notification, they'll assume you look at all their posts for the past five years, and they'll be sufficiently creeped out and you'll have one less faithful friend. You really didn't like the first place. Mint toothpaste oreos! Awesome. This one is great for a college dorm. You just go to the pet store and get like a ton of feed crickets because They're like 10 cents apiece, and you walk down the other guy's hall at like 3 a.m. and you just drop them as you walk along the crickets will crawl under the doors into the dark rooms to escape the bright hall light for like weeks They'll be kept up at night because as soon as you try to locate the chirping, it stops. Don't do this one because being destructive Is never cool. But I just want to make the observation that it somehow seems a lot less appealing either upscale black Angus Steakhouse if the G burns out   Last one is great because you can get so many people on it simply-   Sorry about that. Simply flash up a fake related videos image already start talking again. Everyone will be like Whaaaaaaaaaaat? OK, This time it's for reals.

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GLOWING WALL DIY- EASY and AWESOME

  Yeeeee (camara flash) Joseph   Are amazing   Man Conner Coat. science was visiting the LA children museum and having my shadow captured on the wall so as a tribute to that moment i'm going to show you how to build your own shower wall and then we're going to talk about the science behind what makes up actually glow and then we take it to the next level with the ridiculously talented artist buddy of mine but first i wanted to see if kids said that you think these four walls are as cool as I once did so we invited some family friends over for a party Chris you you when the dads came in the results were as expected you Oh Sears how you make it for projecting the light standard camera flash works great the higher the LA to the bed or you could sort of paint it with like UV flashlights or this blue laser a red laser doesn't work Anna normal flashlight doesn't work as well either and will there quiet a second for the wall 

I only were two options easy to use glow-in-the-dark paint or I found a place online that sells rules of glow-in-the-dark vinyl sheets you can put it directly on the wall ribosome half inch ear off just to make it pork and depending on how much is the wall you want to cover probably cost you somewhere between 50 it may be 200 bucks I put all the links in the description with even more details so I asked my super talented friend Jason balding to come over and see what he could do with the global but before we get to that let's quickly thought about the science behind why sub close our eyes can actually see electromagnetic waves from 400 to 700 nanometers in length and our brain distinguishes them as colors so 400 is ooh and then up to 700 a meters is red as soon as a wavelength gets asked this band we can't see it anymore and on the short-wavelength side we have ultraviolet or UV and on the longer wavelengths side we have infrared or IR they can keep going on the shorter wavelength side eventually you get things like x-rays you keep going on a long wavelength side eventually like Wi-Fi and even radio waves which could be the length of entire cities when you look at fluorescent colors something special is happening electrons and fluorescent materials get excited to a higher energy state by ultraviolet light that we can't see and then when they return to their low energy state they have a visible light that we can see this is why they seem to glow in the Sun or under a blacklight invisible UV light comes in and then visible light comes out which is why they seem brighter more light is actually hitting your eyes that if they weren't floor apt glow in the dark stuff is just a special case of fluorescence called phosphorescence the only difference is that instead of electrons can be excited and then releasing that energy right away phosphorescent materials have electrons that get excited but then we get trapped in this high energy state and it takes them a while

 I release the energy and get back to their original state and he'll get back the same total light it's just over a long period of time which is why they glow dip okay nowadays we also found that if you displayed an image with a projector you could burn that image into the wall and if you just let it on your phone you can sort of make a light stand a few months back I made a video about the scale of the solar system using just a drone and then just junk you find lying around your house for scale and you might have noticed that I didn't include poor Pluto but I did include a new ninth planet that has been discovered with math that is ten times more massive than Earth and it's super far away so the guy who was responsible for getting Pluto kicked out also happens to be the same dude who discovered this new ninth planet a few years later his name is Mike Brown and he is a Caltech astronomer and he also happens to be super brilliant and really funny he wrote a book called how I killed Pluto and Wyatt had it coming and it's the best book I've read in the past three years and I power through two three books a month and I know a book about astronomy seems kind of lame but trust me on this it's just one of those that changes the way you think about things and see the nice guy so the good folks inaudible who are kind enough to support this channel have made it so that if you want to listen to Mike's book or any other book for free all you have to do is use the link of the description or go to audible.com slash mark Rover thanks for watching Oh that's just yes Oh

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World's LARGEST NERF GUN!!

  You're up. People have these Nerf Dart wars at work sometimes, so in an effort to keep people from picking on me, I decided to create the world's largest functional Nerf gun. So, I reached out to a couple of fellow engineering nerds, Ryan and David, from the Youtube channel Eclectical Engineering to see if they're up for the challenge. So, it's one thing to look good, but let's see how she holds up against the guns of my co-workers. So here's how it works. So the source of the air is this 3,000 psi paintball tank. By pushing the trigger forward, you let the air into this firing chamber here. And then, when you're ready, you can pull it back to let the air out into the main cylinder and fire a dart. So, the paintball tank starts at 3,000 psi, but the silver chamber is regulated to only 80 psi for shots. By doing it this way, you get about 20 shots out of a single tape. So, after you shoot, you just rotate the cylinder over, and you can do it 5 more times. The darts exit the gun at about 40 miles per hour. And they're made of pool noodles with toilet plungers on the end, which means they can actually stick to things. 

So, you can use it for skeet shooting, or Dude Perfecting. We also 3D printed a projectile that was a little more aerodynamic. And we were amazed to see it travel 130 yards. Wow.. So, I wanted to see if this thing actually worked in real life. And as usual, my niece and nephews were picking on me. So I challenged them to a Nerf dart war. Only, I may have neglected to tell them about my creation. So, a huge thanks to the brains and muscles of Ryan and David for helping to push this project to completion. They actually made a video on their channel of everything you need to know to build one of these for yourself. We also made some modifications to the Nerf gun to make it possible to absolutely obliterate watermelons. So, go watch that, and subscribe to their channel, because they're kind of new, but they got some really cool videos in the works. I also want to say thanks to Audible. So a couple times a week, I will sit right here in my backyard, and sort of just look at the sky, and think about whatever. And it always makes me smile when I think that one of the dots 50 million miles away, has stuff on it that I have touched and designed. In fact, of all the videos that I have made, my favorite one is the one where I talk about what it felt like to see Curiosity land. [Inaudible] So, Rob Manning was the chief engineer for the Curiosity Mission, and he wrote a fascinating book that I just finished listening to, that gives a perfect overview of how Curiosity succeeded against crazy odds. He's a really smart dude and a great storyteller. So, if you want to learn how NASA puts robots on tiny dots in the sky by listening to Rob's book, or if you want to listen to any other book for free, all you have to do is use the link in the description, or go to audible.com/MarkRober. Thanks for watching.

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NICEST Car Horn Ever- DIY

  Oh, here we go... [courtesy horn] Yes! Thats what I call the courtesy honk I just pushed this custom button And it's two super quick chirps of the horn that are not only friendly sounding but it's intentionally not as loud as a normal horn, so I'm gonna show you how and why I did this and in the process I will explain what this red button does But first I'm gonna pull over. 1.3 million people die in car crashes per year so you really wanna be able to communicate with other drivers if you wanna stay safe but if you think about it, cars only have two built in ways to communicate with each other: you got your turn signal and your horn...[normal horn] and the turn signal is fine but the problem with the horn is that it is so one dimentional is like, 

if your only tool is a hammer, it is really good at one thing, but it sucks at everything else and I don't know about you, but now that pretty much everybody owns a smartphone, 99% of the time I use my horn I'm not trying to avoid a crash, I'm trying to let the person in front of me know: It's time to stop reading that text they just received And that's the issue. I'm not upset. I just wanna be like: Hey, dude, the light is green. No big deal And that might come as a surprise, because I drive a Jetta But i'm not some hardcore angry road rage tough guy but even this Jetta which has just about the most emasculating horn possible soundsangry when you honk it at a light and if you try to do a nice quick honk itdoesn't usually register because it bottoms out too quick so I just push mycustom-made courtesy honk button and because it's so non confrontational thiswill never happen to me and this works for communicating in a lot of situationsnot just at stoplights like if someone is just sort of drifting in your laneyou're not sure if they see you or not but you don't want to use your big hornor 

if you just want to get someone's attentionto tell them something if someone needs to move forward in traffic or in adrive-thru it's nice because you don't want to seem like a jerk as they can look rightat you in their rear view mirror You can even use it as a way to say thank you and I kind of feel like there should be a standard feature on all cars so youstill have your big horn that you can't miss in the case of an emergency butthere should be a smaller button right over here for the courtesy honk but the goodnews is that as an engineer if something isn't exactly how you wantit you just make it exactly how you want it so I've been on Amazon and got one ofthese Adafruit sound boards for 27 bucks where you can upload sound effects viaUSB with no programming required and then I got three of these cool hornbuttons to trigger the sound effects for seven bucks each so i started on thisside by wiring this to my cigarette lighter for power and then I used a 12 to5 volt power inverter to get me to the right voltage for the sound board whichis connected to these buttons to trigger the horn sound effects I dragged and droppedonto there and then coming out of the board we have a 3.5 millimeter audiocable that plugs into a $13 amp to make it loud enough which connects to a 13dollar PA speaker now that we have all the components my buddy Bob from theYouTube channel

 I Like To Make Stuff came over and we got to work solderingactually I did all the work while Bob just stroked that magnificent beard ofhis he also made a video about making a custom horn like this that goes into waymore detail so definitely check his out if you're actually planning on doingthis. This is intentionally more of a temporary setup but I wanted mine to bea bit more permanent in the dash so with the help of my talented buddy Howard we wentto town installing this thing now the buttons were in place weconnected them through the dash to the PA speaker rebounder to the frame underthe hood. We also installed this beast which is the same type of horn systemused on trains and semi-trucks basically there's a compressor that fills an airtank to 120 psi which powers the horn but more on this later and the buttonsalso light up which makes them look really cool at night. I also added one moresound effect that's powered by this button This is designed to be even one knotchnicer than the courtesy honk if you want to be super chill and grab the attentionof a pedestrian who isn't even in a car So that's my pitch to make our roadsmore pleasant by increasing the vocabulary of the standard car horn andnow you can do it yourself which leads me to 

this final button which is only to beuse in extreme situations like when two teenagers are taking their sweet timeto cross the street in front of you while fidget spinning I wanna thank audible for their support on this video not only are they the best when it comesto audio books but they've been working with me and supporting my channel for a couple ofyears now while making this video I listen to the book "Surely You're JokingMr. Feynman and I loved it" Richard Feynman was a genius Nobel Prize winningphysicist who chilled with Einstein and helped discover atomic energy but that'snot what makes him so interesting this collection of stories from his life mademe laugh out loud a bunch of time it starts when he was a kid and used to takeapart radios to make homemade burglar alarm and then in college at MIT he used his engineering skills to pull pranks and then he eventually taught himself how tobreak into safes and use science to pick up on women he had this lifelongfascination with learning but in a practical sense not in a memorize factsfrom the textbook sense he's just such an intelligent colorful human being so if youwant to listen to "Surely You're Joking Mr. Feynman" or any other audio book forfree all you have to do is use the link in the description or go to audible.com/markrober Thanks for watching

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Is NASA a waste of money?

  Why should we spend money on NASA when we already have so many problems here on Earth? If somebody asked you this question, how would you answer? It's been nearly five years since I left But I came back to NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory today to help answer this tough question But before I even get to the five reasons I think we should spend money on NASA I need to clear one thing up. What percentage of the US budget Do you think goes to NASA? According to polls most Americans think it's 20 percent so it should come as no surprise That one in four Americans think that NASA's budget should be reduced. If you say the total budget represents a dollar or 100 pennies The truth is NASA gets less than one-half of one penny. 

For comparison, 16% goes to the military and 60% goes to social programs like Social Security, unemployment, Medicare and health care. Okay, so if that is our foundation Let me give you five incredible things that we get in return for that half a percent or less than nine dollars a year for most Americans Just like some might ask Why should we spend time exploring space when we have so many problems here on Earth? Some of our ancestors probably asked "Why should we waste time trying to figure out agriculture when we have so much work to do hunting and gathering?" or "Why should we spend so much time messing around in boats when we have so many issues here on the land?" And the answer to all three of these questions is the same: Reaching for new heights often creates new solutions and opportunities for people back on the ground, and I have some personal experience with this concept As most of you guys know by now, I spent seven of my nine years here at NASA working on the Curiosity rover in fact some of my hardware is still working like a champ on the top deck of the rover I'll be it a little dirtier since I touched it last but for my last two years here I worked on a much lesser known project called SMAP and in some ways I'm more proud of what it represents because SMAP is a super complex Earth orbiting satellite. Here's how it works. Once it's in orbit the antenna boom is deployed and in this 20 foot gold mesh reflector Origamis out like one of those Hoberman's sphere toys, and then the whole thing starts freaking spinning at 15 rpm And it's using a Radiometer that can see through the clouds to measure the soil moisture levels on earth This is important because soil moisture is one of the key vital signs of the planet. By measuring the moisture levels in the soil, it allows you to predict droughts, monitor floods and even predict crop yields for a given year and because the antenna spins around like that, you're able to measure all the soil on Earth every two to three days. So I left before it actually launched in 2015, so the reason I am here today is to follow up with some SMAP research scientists to see how things turned out I've been to many countries in Africa. People know about SMAP and the national government of those countries are trying to use it especially for drought especially for crop monitoring. 

So NASA has a data access policy of you know making it free for everybody There are three major cereal crop on the earth wheat, rice and corn. If you can forecast these three major crops So you know 70-80 percent of you know forecast you can do the crop field of the whole world. What Narenda is saying here is Remarkable to me, and it sums up my first point perfectly SMAP costs to 900 million dollars Africa is the continent with the most extreme poverty today. I did the math and for 900 million dollars You could feed all of Africa for less than a day But instead we invested in research and technology which empowers them to better help themselves Increasing the amount of food they can make on their own For decades as opposed to a one-time fleeting handout. Of the 37 missions currently running at JPL I think it's so cool that about half are studying and helping earth, just like SMAP This is a fancy way of saying We should be doing everything within our power to make sure that nothing catastrophically bad happens to us Hollywood got this right when they said that a large asteroid impact would be really bad news. Now the chances of this happening are small But the potential consequences are so large just ask these guys It makes sense to take it seriously. NASA has already put an asteroid early warning detection system in place and in October 2022 for the first time ever they will test ramming a Spacecraft into an asteroid to see if you can deflect it off course with a mission called DART But perhaps an even bigger threat to humans are humans one of the goals of all of the Rovers that we sent to Mars is to gather data on what It would take for humans to live there Establishing a permanent human outpost on Mars would serve sort of like a backup hard drive for your computer in case something catastrophically bad happened here on earth America's first satellite was built here at JPL and now satellites make it so we can get GPS driving directions on our phone or get TV beamed down to us from space or predict the path of hurricanes with much greater accuracy 

The word pixel in the concept of the first digital camera was also invented at JPL in the 1960s when an engineer was trying to solve how to get pictures of the planets and send them back to earth In fact there are nearly 2,000 NASA technology spin-offs We don't know what we don't know and so expecting NASA to justify its funding But predicting all the amazing things it will discover would be like Expecting Christopher Columbus when he was lobbying Queen Isabella for ships to predict the polio vaccine or Netflix Of the 18 billion that NASA gets it's not like they're just putting that money on a rocket and launching it into space The Majority of that money goes towards the salaries of Tens of thousands of some of America's most skilled workers and one of the counter arguments here is yeah But why do we need the government to fund these programs? Why not let private companies do the innovating? Private space companies like SpaceX or Blue Origin are awesome And they play an important role But they're incentivized to pursue technologies that will give them a return on investment like space tourism or asteroid mining or launching satellites for other organizations there's just no incentive for a private company to invest in tracking and Deflecting asteroids or investing in earth science missions like SMAP and then making the data Available for free to anyone who needs it. So to recap for that less than half a penny from a dollar Investment in NASA, not only do we improve life on Earth through projects like SMAP and protect ourselves against really catastrophic Events and discover other incredible technologies to improve our lives along the way But the money to make all that happen goes back into growing the economy through the salaries of all the smart people doing their work. And my fifth and final reason why we Should spend money on NASA even when we still have unsolved problems here on earth is perhaps the most important even if less concrete Think it's captured best by what some call the most important picture ever taken What you see here is the result of a 10-day exposure image from the Hubble Deep Space Telescope with the exception of these three dots which are single stars Every speck, smudge, and spiral you see in this image is a galaxy with hundreds of billions of stars Just like our own 

Milky Way galaxy Most remarkably the field of view captured here is the darkest part of the night sky the size of Roosevelt's eye on a dime Held at arm's length we send men to the moon and orbiters to Saturn and Rovers to Mars Not necessarily because there's some financial incentive or some quick payoff We're looking to exploit, but because as humans there are fundamental burning questions we're eager to answer The first person to set foot on Mars is alive right now. They could be in junior high or high school He or she could be watching this video right now It could be you I feel that our continued exploration of space in all its forms fills me with hope and inspires me to reach higher and makes me a better person I want to thank Bill and Melinda Gates for teaming up with me on this video if you want to know why they think there's still a Case for being an optimist in today's world even with all the negative headlines you should check out the Bill and Melinda Gates Annual letter at gatesletter.com this optimism stems from facts like the number of children who die every year has been cut in half so has extreme poverty declining by half in less than twenty years and more children are attending school now than ever before but we're Optimistic not just because we know life used to be worse It's seeing the positive trend line of all the ongoing work by brilliant folks like at NASA and elsewhere Who are working to improve life on Earth by solving some of the world's toughest challenges I will leave a link to the letter in the video description

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BEAT ANY ESCAPE ROOM- 10 proven tricks and tips

  I bet there's cash This is it escape room It's basically where you and some friends are placed in a room and you have to solve a series of puzzles and locks to get out in exactly one hour and today I'm gonna give you ten proven tips to dominate any type of escape room and I say proven because me and six of My buddies utilize these tips and even though about half of us I've never even done an escape room before we shattered the long-standing record for this room by finishing in 38 minutes with no clues Next we tried an even harder room to prove that it wasn't just luck and there again we finished in 46 minutes And so the evidence seemed compelling but for further proof I had my niece and nephew and a bunch of their friends first try a room without me telling them the tips 

They only made it about halfway through at the end of the full hour Then we walked through the ten tips together and then they went back to a new room with an equal level of difficulty and this Time that they finished in 55 minutes with no clues now you're probably thinking what qualifies me to be giving tips about escape rooms when I've only ever done three myself and the answer is Absolutely, nothing. They're actually not my tips. I tracked down the architect and designer of the red bull escaping the wind championships He's a college professor. His name is Scott Nicholson The problem is I live here in California and he's way over here in Brantford, Ontario in Canada And while that's typically a 12-hour trip through the magic of YouTube I knew I could make it there in just a six second travel montage Okay, so I am here now in Canada at the begin lab at Laurier University With Scott Nicholson Scott. What the heck do you do? What is this place? 

Well, this place is where I met games. Our focus here is actually making games to change the world So a lot of the games we make here of some sort of learning outcome Our goal is to help get people to learn stuff in a playful way So professor Nicholson and I hung out together for a day as he generously spilled out the information in his very large brain He even put me through a few challenges and puzzles of my own and so here are the ten tips I came away with after hanging out with him the first step is to think simple think Generally keep reminding yourself that the average person should be able to complete this room in one hour in a well-designed room You won't need any extra knowledge besides what you can just find in the room people tend to overanalyze and just go down a rabbit So for example in one room We found the travel log of a robber and he went from Washington down to Mexico City up to Toronto at first we were trying to look at the interstates He would travel on and maybe that was a code and then we're like maybe we should Unscramble the names of the countries and then we realized his path forms a V which happened to be the first letter in a combination lock we were trying to open if you can't find a simple answer to a Puzzle chances are it's because all the necessary information hasn't been revealed to you yet. So move on and then come back to it Later, the second tip deals with searching The first thing you should do in your to room is for everyone to split up and to start looking for clues and items Professor Nicholson actually put me through my own searching boot camp to point out the typical places that things are hidden 

There you go. Always look under tables always look under rugs they write codes on the back of rugs other spots might be in hollowed-out books or in pockets of clothing or Behind a door in the room a super common first-time mistake is to look in places You should for example, you won't find a clue by disassembling a ceiling light or a power outlet Another common searching mistake is to see Clues and things that aren't for example The bottom of this chair has letters and numbers from the factory But they're obviously not part of the room design because they don't fit with the theme Going back to tip 1 the clues and key items should be fairly obvious in a well Signed room and the more scape rooms you do the more you'll get a sense for what is and isn't a real clue tip 3 Organize your stuff as you search the room put all the clues and items in one location So if you found three similar cups like this with numbers on the bottom group them together as you do this the bigger picture begins To emerge and it's easier to tell what you're missing don't let people just walk around with an item randomly in their hand that others don't know about you can ask before you start but Almost all rooms have a policy where you use one clue or one lock only one time so once you've used a clue or item put it in a discard pile and be sure to leave any key in the lock that It opened this helps avoid unnecessary wasting of time when a team member is working on a puzzle 

They don't realize has already been solved and used for tip four Now that your team is starting to make sense of the room laser focus on what is stopping you from moving forward you are going to feel overwhelmed at the beginning even with our record breaking times about Halfway through I thought there is no way we're gonna even come close to finishing But then you solve one thing and then everything else starts falling into place to help with this work Backwards from the thing that is stopping you identify that inputs it needs for example in this room You see there is a lock here And it looks like the key is right here, but you need some kind of hanger to fish it out now there's a cabinet on the wall that Probably contains that hanger and it has a lock that needs three letters and two numbers today You can focus on clues that will yield three numbers and two letters you won't be as vulnerable to red herrings So red herring is something that's put into the room that has no bearing upon the game. It can be something simple oh, this has got to be really important clearly or if some rooms even have red herring puzzles that Lead to nothing as a player. It's incredibly frustrating and so we've done some studies So most players hate red herrings because they're waste of our time About half designers hate red herrings and will not put them in their rooms and about half are like, yeah They're okay to have in the roof by working backwards on the immediate inputs that are needed You'll avoid wasting time on red herring clips tip 5 is about team rolls according to dr Nicholson poor Communication is the number one reason why teams fail his list of eight different roles that team members can be assigned which I will link below But the one that semen was critical in our experience was project manager Because it helps alleviate the issue of poor communication. The project manager shouldn't get overly involved in puzzles instead 

The project manager is the person people report to and say hey There's a four digit combination lock over there and the project manager will call that out Okay, everyone. We're looking for four digits. Someone comes up and says hey there's there's a five letter word lock there Okay, we're looking for five letters. There's a poster over there. That looks funny. Okay So everyone take a look at that poster if you're searching for something you might find it in that poster So the project manager should keep an idea of what are the active tasks what needs to be done? who's working on what and Keep the game flow going, but try to keep themselves out of getting buried in puzzles So they can keep a scan of what's happening So the first five tips focused on it general team strategies, but the last half will be about puzzle solving strategies you should be familiar with most common locks and their inputs because again if you're working back from what's stopping you and you know a Lock requires three letters, then everyone could just focus on finding three letters The standard key lock is the most obvious then a combination lock where you're just looking for four numbers in a specific order or here Where it's a combination lock of letters and numbers But five total then your classic dial lock where you need three numbers total and you start by spinning clockwise then open it like this Then you've got this directional lock which is a little trickier because they can have anywhere from two to thirty inputs squeeze down here three times to wipe it clean If you need to try again Finally you have one of these lock boxes that are again tricky because they've got anywhere from two to ten inputs But it's good to know. They can only use each number once and the order doesn't matter So one six zero five works But so does five zero six one a critical tip of locks is if you're pretty sure you have the right code But it's not opening have someone else try before you move on just given the pressure of the game We have this tip save us on three separate occasions and finally you can skip trying to figure out the last digit if you know all the rest of them just by trial and error because there Were only be ten options according to Professor Nicholson's research about half of all escape rooms will have some kind of code that you need To decipher. 

There's a few basic codes I've seen again and again and just knowing what they look like is useful now You're not gonna be expected to memorize the encoding scheme, but it tells you how we're looking for an encoding scheme So in the upper left anytime, you see dots and dashes you should be thinking Morse code Usually it's written But sometimes it can be lights that are flashing long and short or even long and sure Sounds the upper right is called Pigpen cipher and it's often disguised as hieroglyphics. The key will look something like this So see if you could decode the message then anytime you see dots in a group of six like this You know, you're looking at a Braille key each letter in Braille is some combination of six dots and finally, dr Nicholson said in his experience The only time you might not get to the coder key is if there are a set of numbers ranging from 1 to 26 in That case you match them up with a corresponding letter in the alphabet. So this becomes H-e-l-l-o Debate is about written clues. Dr Nicholson created this challenge for me of the four most common styles of hiding clues in written text Pause the video and see if you can find the four separate hidden messages here The first is the most obvious with the bold letters. Look at the watch face The second are all the words missing a letter. So remove the telephone Keypad find the secret next and this one stumped us for a little while in one of the rooms we did is to just look at the capitalized words The secret code is 6 7 3 4 and finally if you look at the first word of each new line on the left side The secret phrase is goodnight sweet prince Makini TVs is looking for something that stands out from the normal pattern you would expect to see which leads us to our second to Last tip look for patterns. Dr. Nicholson gave me one last challenge here. Now the lock that you have meit's indicates You need to enter things in the order of a red green blue. This one is pretty straightforward But what do you think the code is here? In fact pause the video if you want to decipher all 3 codes on the board here. The top is 4 3 6 Based on the number of sides this one at the bottom You just need to count the different colored circles and then enter them in that order So 3 6 4 1 and finally in the middle, you see this digital numerical notation used a lot in escape rooms So here the code is 5 for 7 apologies to my colorblind peeps out there because you probably couldn't solve that last one Which is exactly the type of reason why you should cycle people through trying to solve the tough puzzles a fresh perspective Is all it takes in many cases this helped us multiple times. And for the final tip your guide is your friend Listen closely when they're giving their instructions at the beginning a lot of times they will give subtle hints about issues that trip a lot Of people up you can also ask some high-level questions like if they have a 1 lock Use policy and even if you don't want hints you can ask them to prompt you if you're way behind where most people would be At a certain point at the end of the day you're there to have fun so it's better to take a hint and feel the excitement of escaping the room than being stuck on a Frustrating clue for 40 minutes and finally fewer people is almost always better statistically

 You'll have a higher success rate because you don't have to deal with the issues of poor communication amongst 10 people But there's also a finite number of fun things to do in a room So the fewer people you have the more fun stuff that everyone gets to do to quote from dr Nichols's twitter my policy for the number of people in an escape room is the same as the number of people in a tent No matter what the package says, you'll have a better time at half capacity. So there you go Now, you know all the best strategies to dominate your next escape room All that's left is to get your brain in shape and to do that You got to use the logic courses at brilliant org on the off chance that you've never heard of them Brilliant is an interactive website that focuses on just teaching science courses through intuition instead of memorizing formulas But here's the trick passive learning doesn't work nearly as well as active learning so they teach a principle and then they follow up with engaging puzzles or an Interactive demo, so you actually retain the information you can access brunet org from your computer or use the app Which is super popular with 4.7 stars from over 40,000 ratings and so no matter your current level of understanding if you want to quickly get smarter about a bunch of different science topics while Basically playing games and doing puzzles you go to brilliant org slash mark Rover or use the link in the video description And as a fist bump from brilliant for using a link and supporting my channel The first 200 people will get 20% off their subscription. Thanks for watching

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Rocket Powered Golf Club at 100,000 FPS

  This is a rocket-powered Golf Club. Professional golfers have an average swing speed of 110 miles per hour. But using two F sized motors she swings at a hundred and fifty miles per hour, every time. Usually for builds on my channel I just show you guys the final thing and don't really talk about the process of how we got there. But rest assured, today, we will get to see huge drives, WOAH! golf balls shattering glass in super slow-mo, pulverized watermelons, and even a handheld version. But this build, I think, is a great chance to pull back the curtain and demonstrate how the engineering design process actually works. I want to highlight six- "Learning opportunities" that led us to this final design and to do that, We need to go back in time four months to when I first had the idea. 

And as always we started with a simple Prototype to see if the concept even had a remote chance of working. Before we fire it up, you'll notice we have counterweights on the opposite side here. That's so that the center of mass of the spinning part is on top of the axis of rotation. In other words, It balances perfectly at the point at which it spins around. If you don't do that for something that spins it creates a bunch of extra force for your system to deal with. It starts as a small vibration, But then it gets worse and worse as you pick up speed. Since we needed to hit this tiny ball with the head of this club at really high speeds, if we're not perfectly balanced, the club and the whole platform itself will just be shaking all over the place and we'd never hit it. OK, back to the test Those stands are shaking more than they should so we knew we would need to balance the spinning part better for the real test But at least we knew it could go kind of fast and nothing blows up And so then it was time for CAD Which is always the next step and then together with my friends, Ken and Kayla. We started cutting metal and making stuff Things came together well so we epoxied a 3d printed motor mount to the top of the driver and prepped our first real test by taking one of Those easy ups and draping some nets on the side for safety just in case something went catastrophically wrong 

This was our second learning experience, we didn't have enough contact area for epoxying the head to the driver So it wasn't a strong enough bond this was tricky because it meant we had to 3d scan the club head which allowed us to CAD up and then 3d print a more contoured mount with more contact area for the epoxy We also took this chance to double the rocket holsters because what could possibly go wrong? So we went to test our new dual rocket set up with two e motors and everything went perfectly Except for the part where the head snapped off the driver And when we reviewed the slow-mo footage what we realized was the shaft of the driver is so flexible that it would start to bend And then create really weird thrust vectors for the Rockets which then just bent the shaft even more This is not what you want to see. Eventually it succeeded the stress limit of the shaft and the head just came off So our third learning opportunity was to stiffen up the club shaft So we got some aluminum c-channel and just dumped a butt ton of epoxy in there and this worked remarkably Well, you can see the difference here. And so with that we headed out to a very remote shooting location in beautiful, Northern, California So we finally arrived and started to set up but first I have something I wanted to get off my chest so one of the things I like most about me is that I will I Like to reach out to lesser known channels and sort of give them a hand out at some exposure on my channel Which is why today I'm here with Destin And Smarter Every Day and if by some miracle you don't know Destin is on the Mount Rushmore Of science youtubers we've been friends for almost exactly six years and I know this because I took a screenshot of the huge moment for me when he subscribed to my channel when I only had 10,000 subs he's made videos about the physics of cats landing on their feet, 

tattoos in super slow-mo or the first video I saw of him about how chickens have an internal open feedback loop which allows them to head track if you've never seen his stuff I'm actually jealous because you have so many hours of high-quality viewing in your near future So I like golf. I like Rockets Should we do this? Yeah, let's just... That that was the intro right? That was it. Whatever so we all continued to set up and something that was important to me was for this to look as natural as possible at a driving range so we added some turf to cover the base plate and then Dissected a golf bag to cover the sturdy steel column and then if you add some clubs it looks pretty awesome It's incredibly rigid and yet it can still swing freely Our fourth learning experience came from reviewing our final test footage if you listen, the club goes faster and faster with each rotation Naturally we want the club to contact the ball when it's going the fastest which in our case is ten rotations in one second that Means we somehow need to sneak the ball into the path of the driver in less than a tenth of a second or a quarter Of an eyeblink to accomplish this we have a pneumatic cylinder here that hinges up the tee It knows when to fire because on the back of the shaft There's a light sensor and this disc has a slit which allows the light to pass through once per rotation So we send that info to an Arduino over here that counts for us and then after 15 rotations it tells the cylinder the precise moment to fire using a solenoid and then we superglue the ball to the tee because it provides the Goldilocks amount of force to first secure and then release the ball plus the superglue looks super dope in slow-mo So now with everything in place we started with two e motors which is a Reminder is the same setup that ripped the club head off three two, one roll Where'd it go? What happened? YEAH, BABY!! No way that's a cool shot right there. it is Dude this is uh, this is respectable This is legit after reviewing more of the high-speed footage. We noticed something interesting The sound effect there is like "doy yoy yoy" This was an interesting technical observation from Destin and that tee flexibility was causing us to hit some bad shots like this The obvious fix is just to make the tee more rigid so that it doesn't over rotate when it pops up 

But there's a problem with this There's a saying that force follows stiffness and for us a really stiff tee would transfer a bunch of force and destroy our nice 3d printed pop-up mechanism Now imagine this crumpled up piece of paper is the tee which is obviously way less stiff Our flexible rubber tee was great because it acted like this piece of paper no matter how hard you hit it The force doesn't get translated down and damage our hardware So Ken had the brilliant idea of just tying a string to the tee and staking it into the ground This stopped the over-rotation but everything was still just as flexible when the string pulls tight does it make the ball fly off because it's it doesn't doink enough? Uh, the only way to test is the doink test Ah, beautiful there was some doinkage I just thought this was a really simple clever idea that solved both problems at once and as you can see it worked perfectly Now we are ready to try a dual F motor So these deliver about twice as much force to the club as the e motors that made the head snap off and this Provided our final and certainly most poignant learning opportunity. 3 2 1 go Where's the club It's, it's, is the tree on fire?  Wow, like I'm laughing, but that could have been bad There we go, this thing was like sub-orbital dude. So we have three u-bolts and we only used two Yeah So I think we'll just max out those and just crank them way down now that we know this is a failure point Now that we know this is a failure point There's several failure points and I hear you say, oh we have a solution for that This is the engineering design process!! Rather fun. Like I mentioned the club that failed was cut too short and was only attached using two u-bolts Which we thought would have been enough to support the 800 pound load from centrifugal force We did notice the rubber handle was worn due to so many test fires which probably initiated the stress concentration leading to the failure So our fix was to cut the next Club longer so we could use three u-bolts and really crank them down on a fresh rubber handle and so with all six of our learnings now in place we tried the Insane double F motors one more time WOAH!! YEAH, BABY!! GO!! THAT's how you play golf! That's our best one yet! Dude. Like the rush you get from like an engineering achievement actually working in like. Seriously dude. Oh look at the flame. OH yeah! So we never found these long balls to measure the exact distance But I can drive a ball 280 yards and these were well beyond that. I mean just look at this trajectory straight to outer space Now that we've got all the shots we needed it was time to have some real fun We started with a handheld version that was powered by a single C motor because anything more than that would just be way too unsafe For me to hold Ni-ice! [unintelligible] over 300 yards man! It really did Like make it so much easier to swing I'm not even kidding. Yeah. Yeah yeah, like it really meant different 3 2 and then some glass just because YEAHH! 

And then keeping with the tradition of my channel some watermelon Thanks for cutting open a watermelon with a rocket-powered golf club Mark. You're welcome Yeah, that's all of this the past three months of work in engineering was just for this Boils down to this moment just to enjoy this watermelon. Yeah, Mark's like trying to make stuff look good We're not wasting food though we waste no part of the engineering effort like the great Indians with the Buffalo so Destin made a video on his channel about why some balls bounce high and others Don't and my first thought was well that's easy just has to do with how compressible or rubbery it is Yet this billiard ball is pretty much completely Solid and this bouncy ball is pretty rubbery and yet they bounce to pretty much the same height So it's something else. As you can imagine this is a pretty important piece of information for golf ball makers so there's lots of amazing slow-mo footage of golf balls being Squished in ways that hurt your brain plus way more footage from today's shoot So I will leave a link in the video description And while you're there make sure to check out some of his other videos and subscribe to his channel because he's just a classy individual And a true professional in every sense of the word. Are you rolling? Yeah Hi, it's me mark If you want to make your own rocket powered golf club You can find all the CAD files and the parts list even the code for the Arduino on a website I created called Mark Rober build instructions dot com and on that site 

You'll actually see build Instructions for tons of videos from my channel including my workbench and it's all for free and made possible by my friends at Wix.com And my personal design aesthetic is simple and clean. So I used a template to get me close to what I wanted But then I was able to customize it as much as I wanted from there And this is great for me because I get a lot of questions about the builds on this channel and now I'm able to just point People to one spot and because Wix is on the ball, it automatically looks amazing on mobile Plus, it's SEO optimized If you're looking for people to find your site through Google and my website is just a simple way to communicate information but you can make one for your personal brand or Portfolio or maybe a new website for your business to sell stuff online Or even book appointments right there and it's free to sign up to start designing and publishing plus It's really fun and a little bit addictive so to flex your creative muscles and to support Wix because they support me. Go to  wix.com/go/markrober or just use the link in the video description. Thanks for watching [awesome montage]

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Drinking Nasty Swamp Water (to save the world)

  About a year ago, I read about this powder You could add to super muddy water like this, and then you stir it up and five minutes later the mud has separated from the pure clean drinkable water. And as a man of science I see this and it feels like nothing short of magic. I only make 12 videos a year so I am really picky about what topics I will cover and even though I usually just focus on using science and engineering to make to make totally ridiculous things (Motors whirring) (Glass shattering) (Kids screaming) At least once a year,  I try to make the case that these same science and engineering principles are also being used to actually change the world for the better. For example last year I met with Madhu Prakash from Stanford who was disappointed to realize the typical microscope and centrifuge to diagnose malaria cost tens of thousands of dollars and needs to be plugged in. 

So he invented a paper microscope and a paper centrifuge that cost 68 cents that can diagnose malaria and require no electricity. So today we're gonna find out how this was invented How the heck it works and how it's being used to help people all around the world But first to demonstrate this isn't some kind of smoke and mirrors trick I located the nastiest water I could find near my house and met up with some intrepid field scientists. So today I'm joined by my friends Cole, Kaden, Rainy and Max I promised them they could be in a video But I didn't tell them which one or what we'd be doing. And here's the deal guys. We need to go into that pond That's all gross and nasty and fill it up with muddy water. Can you do that? [Excited music] Do you guys think this would be good to drink this? No. What would  you guys give me if I take a sip of this umm 20 bucks. 20 bucks? Okay, we're not gonna do anything to this one, but I'm gonna do something to this one So then we can compare the two. Okay, so I'm gonna take a little bit of this powder I'm gonna put it in here you guys see this and then we're gonna take turns shaking it for like five minutes, okay (Chill music) ew Let's see what happens It looks better Okay, I'm gonna put my thumb at the water level so you know I'm not tricking you guys okay Eww (Water swishing) It's some high quality H2O right there.

 All right, where's my 20 bucks Rainy? Mommy [laughter] Chances are if you're watching this video you have essentially an endless supply of clean water at The pull of a lever. And because this is so easy, we tend to forget just how critical water is for us You can live three weeks without food but only a few days without water and it's not just us from plants to ants to bacteria, anything that is biological and living needs water to survive It sounds crazy but there are no exceptions to this rule because of this when NASA is looking for evidence of life outside our planet We first start by looking for evidence of water given all that It's a total bummer that nearly 1 billion people around the world don't have access to clean drinking water. Today, drinking contaminated water causes more deaths than HIV, AIDS, and malaria combined And so that's why the powder in this packet is a really big deal It was invented by a guy named Philip Souter He's a laundry scientist at Procter & Gamble who was originally trying to figure out a way to separate dirt from used laundry water and I want To be clear here. They are not sponsoring this video in any way I just think what they're doing is really awesome and they deserve some credit So I was actually able to track Philip down and he told me all about how it works So essentially as three processes there's coagulation then the next phase is flocculation And then the last piece is the disinfection. You start with clean water like this But now it's all brown because it's filled with lots of dirt particles, parasites, and bacteria. So you dump the powder in the water and as Phil explained, the coagulant part of the powder goes to work first It's basically seed crystals that are positively charged and because the dirt in the water is negatively charged, these seed crystals act like dirt magnets. These dirt magnets grow until they're each about a millimeter in size. The next part of the powder to activate is the flocculent, which is a polymer which you can think about as having huge long arms that wrap up all the little dirt magnet clumps and now they form bigger chunks as large as a centimeter. These chunks now are so big They're just slightly more dense than the water, which means they sink to the bottom. and finally, the chlorine is released and it goes to work on killing the 99.9999% of All the really tiny viruses and bacteria that are left in the water that didn't get wrapped up and sink to the bottom so now you're just left with safe drinking water at the top. This isn't just some PR stunt for P&G since 2004, millions of people in over 90 countries have used these packets and they've saved untold thousands upon thousands of lives. In fact, they've cleaned enough water to fill a swimming pool that is the typical five feet deep by 15 feet across only the length would need to stretch all the way across the United States, over 13 times.

 These packets cost them pennies to make which they sell at a loss and that feels like the right thing to do, but it brings up the question: Is there a case to be made beyond altruism where it's in the best interest of the rich countries to help out the poor countries? To answer this question I wanted to speak with someone in the technology sector who had some experience in this kind of thing And he's a bit of an obscure up-and-comer named Bill Gates But first I had to do a little bit of research in order to get myself up to Seattle [excited music]   When I arrived they told me I was free to make myself at home while I waited for him to show up, so I did what any rational person would do given the circumstances, I made the richest man on planet earth some pizza rolls. Hi. Good to meet you. Yeah, thanks for doing this. They gave me free reign of your kitchen and as a token of hospitality, I whipped up a batch of pizza rolls. Oh wow. I'll try it. It's not what I normally eat. Its really hot, actually. They're kind of like lava in the middle. Not bad. They're ok right? A little bit of cardboard. What do you got here? This is plan B because I wasn't expecting you to actually eat one of those. Dick's burgers. Love dick's. It's a Seattle phenomena. Truth be told I actually knew this after seeing a picture of him on reddit. He's standing line by himself to buy one of their hamburgers for less than two bucks. Hate to disappoint you there's no Dick's burgers in here. Okay. 

We have some liquid refreshment That's pretty dark looking. So I took out the powder and explained to him how it worked and then I set up the bottles, and here's where we stood after a minute or two. Looks like we're making some progress on the top there. I'd rather eat these than that so far. Why should we care about developing nations? Well the amount of resource that rich countries spend in helping poor countries is pretty small. It's well less than 1% of their budget. I defend that because that money is so impactful. You're saving lives for less than $1,000 per life saved. If you help the country lift itself up then countries like Indonesia, Vietnam, India get successful enough, they grow their economy. So they no longer need aid. They graduate. Okay. Look at this It's amazing the way that is small, Isn't it crazy? amount of this thing It's like magic and I like his answer that basically teaching a man to fish is better than just giving a man a fish. What about the extreme case of a person who's just super self-absorbed who might think I just don't care if a poor country has a fish or not, It doesn't affect my daily life. I asked what he would say to that person. The benefits are strong even if the pure humanitarian empathetic part isn't the key reason. So then bill told me two main reasons we should try and help developing nations even from a selfish standpoint. The first is for our own safety. If a poor country receives aid, it fosters education and economic opportunity, which makes it more stable and there's a less of a reason for people to become desperate, which is a breeding ground for radical ideologies and terrorism. All America's top generals agree that foreign aid creates stability, which reduces the need for military spending and makes the world a safer place. Additionally, Bill told me there's the issue of diseases. When the next pandemic comes, there's a good chance it will be far worse than Ebola and it will spread quickly into the rich countries. There's a huge benefit to us in helping these developing nations get their health systems to the point where they can detect and treat bad stuff before it has the chance to go global. The second selfish reason for helping developing nations that we discuss together was for our own prosperity. After World War II, we think hey, do we care about Japan? Well, hey then Japan, you know Sony and Toyota they're making good products. Yeah, let's not forget Nintendo. It's a win-win situation, you know where we want Japan to do well and make great products and you know, they're buying Boeing Jets, Microsoft software and so having "hypothetically" hopefully The idea that other countries doing well, it's not a zero-sum thing where okay if they do well, that means that it's it's bad for us. Basically, we needed to get the Japanese back to a point where their brains could benefit the world again as quickly as possible. Otherwise, it's a waste of human capital and the world never knows Super Mario Brothers. 

Which raises an interesting point if you ask people who is the most intelligent person to ever live, you get various answers like these: Albert Einstein Einstein Albert Einstein Einstein Albert Einstein Mark Rober Did I tell you to say that? [Nods] What, you-! But the fact is with 100 billion people to have ever lived on planet Earth, it's a statistical certainty that Albert Einstein wasn't the most intelligent human. It was some random person you've never heard of probably born a long time ago who spent most of their daily energy just trying to survive. That's why these packets are a huge deal when you have nearly 1 billion people spending their time just trying to find clean water every day, that's a huge waste of untapped brainpower. Now these packets and other aid efforts like them allow parents to stay healthy and gives them time to provide for their families. Which gives their kids the opportunity to get educated which in turn creates more opportunities for the following generation and so eventually, over time, the entire world starts reaping the benefit from the contribution of this previously untapped human capital. In this way some massive breakthrough in solar technology, or maybe the cure to cancer or HIV might come from a poor country who is just a developing nation today. And I find that to be incredibly inspiring and a worthy goal. I want to thank Bill and Melinda Gates for partnering with me on this video. They just released the brand-new Gates annual letter. I will leave a link to it in the video description. It's a great read if you want to learn how life has, and will continue to improve for the world's poorest. Plus, you get to be inspired by people who have just made it their life's mission to make the world a better place. You know I get to learn a lot you know, I'm gonna be working on these diseases the rest of my life. Bill Gates, living legend, eater of pizza rolls. - Yeah, not bad. - That was fantastic. Thanks so much, bro. Now we drink. [calm music]

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World's Largest Horn Shatters Glass

  Why do horns and musical instruments have this flared shape. To answer this question about a year ago I decided I would take this and scale it up to this But I've never actually made something this big for my channel before so as usual we decided to make a smaller prototype Model to see what we could learn about the challenges that would come from scaling it all the way up So we started by creating a plaster mold with the right curvature then you cover that with a gel coat and then we put three layers of fiberglass and Polyester resin and then when you pop it out of the mold, you're left with this We're immediately struck that there is in fact something really special about this shape So I'm going to switch over from my lav mic to my shotgun mic for this demo Here's my voice normal. here's my voice while using the tube which shows there's more going on here than just focusing the sound in one direction Here's my voice using the horn You can even hear me whisper... which is creepy So this was proof that the curved shape of the horn had a significant effect on amplifying the input sound But I still wasn't sure why, so now it's time to really scale things up to the big monster horn 

Which we did by applying all the same principles We learned on the prototype and then we headed to the most desolate location we could find on Google Maps to put it together [Some cool music] Mark's assistant: "Can you hear me" Mark's assistant: "Hello over there!" Mark: "It feels like you're like right on my shoulder" As you know, the base of the horn is what's responsible for creating all the sound so to see what's inside I thought it was only appropriate to open it with my friends Dan and Lincoln from the popular YouTube channel What's Inside. And it turns out it's pretty simple: the key is this thin metal circular plate or diaphragm. So the air comes in here at 100 psi and passes around this diaphragm in such a way that it causes it to vibrate 110 times in a second which causes a corresponding pressure wave to shoot out here and down the throat of the horn So after a few hours, everything was finally set up and it was the moment of truth since after 8 months None of us had actually ever heard it fire yet and Lincoln hadn't even seen the thing because we made him wait in the car Mark: "This is the big reveal" Mark: "You Ready?" One two, here it is [high pitched air horn] Isn't that pretty loud? Lincoln: "Wow, that's so cool!" This actually isnt it, its that. The idea, now you can learn [Lincoln:] Oh my! Before we fire it We need to first talk about how hearing works and what I eventually learned about why horns have that curved shape Let's say this jello block represents a volume of air molecules if that horn diaphragm hits the jello molecules over here 

There's a chain reaction of jello molecules crashing into each other Until finally you see movement on the other side of the jello block and this is where your eardrum is So it moves back and forth at the same rate as the horn diaphragm because of all of these collisions of the jello molecules in between this is called a pressure wave and it's how sound travels through air and so if the horn diaphragm is hitting the air molecules at A high frequency or very frequently our brain decodes that as a high pitch But if the crashes are happening at a low frequency or less frequently than our brain decodes that as a low pitch. Okay But why the curvy horn shape? Well that has to do with something called impedance matching Basically, the horn diaphragm is very solid and strong and it pushes against the air which doesn't offer much resistance It's not very effective like trying to break a piece of paper by punching it So without the curvy horn portion as the diaphragm moves back and forth It interfaces with the air sort of like this. You can still see the jello is moving on the opposite side Just not that much because the air is just too thin and weak over this small of an area So to have a better interface with the air you put a big curvy shape right after the diaphragm You can see now your eardrum is moving back and forth much more vigorously because the interface is so much better so the sounds louder with a curved horn not because you're amplifying the sound but because you're conserving the sound this makes sense because Amplifying means you're adding power to the system and there's no battery or  plugs at the curve section of a horn It's passive So by impedance matching you give yourself a much larger area to push against all the air at the outlet which makes for a more effective chain reaction of molecules crashing into your eardrum And now the horn Isn't that pretty loud? Lincoln: "Wow, that's so cool!" Is that pretty good? This actually isnt it, its that. The idea, now you can learn [LOUD Horn sound] [LOUD Horn sound] [laughter] Oh my gosh Just like eight months of work That's the first time we've actually fired off and that's behind the horn Dan: I could feel the vibrations Yeah [?] be in front of that thing We're gonna go see what it's like on the other side. All right So this is we're about two football fields away from the horn. We have no idea how loud this is gonna sound here All right Ken, fire the normal air horn (Air horn firing) Yeah, we could hear it now we're a little nervous cuz you can hear it decently well Alright, firing [BIG horn firing] [laughs] So for our second test we drove about a mile(1.6 Km) away and you can barely see the horn right here Alright, Ken fire. [Air horn firing] Lincoln: We can still completley hear it, that's crazy You can hardly see that massive horn, but it's still super loud. So let's just drive keep going We're gonna go real far So from satellite view This is where the horn was Here was the first spot and then the second spot and then here was the third spot two and a half miles[4 Km] away Okay, so the horn is now super far away. I literally can't see with my naked eye. Dan: It's so far away Dan: I can barely see it. It's right at the crest of the hill. There's a little tiny speck and it's right there We're gonna do an experiment and we're gonna test the speed of sound We should hear it on this walkie-talkie and then some amount of time later 

We might be able to hear it from this distance Lincoln's gonna measure the time on his stopwatch and then we should be able to calculate from there what the speed of sound is We're ready when you ar bwowwwwwwwwwww [temporary silence ] Mark:Wait for it Vmmmmmmmm That's crazy! How long. It took 11 seconds for the sound of the horn to get here It's so clear. Like I feel like we can go 10 miles further Think about what this means? It took an unbroken chain of two and a half miles of air molecules 11 seconds to all collide with each other Until they made it all the way down here and bumped into the air molecules in our ear canals which then bumped into our eardrums Hi! Wait, what if I scream? [Screams] So the Sun was quickly going down But before we went home We wanted to try and break some glass and if you want to break glass with what is essentially little puffs of air the trick Is to find out its resonant frequency. You actually know all about this If you've ever used one of these I can make Eliza go really high With just a little force now if I apply that force at random intervals, it doesn't do very much. It's not fun, huh? No, it's not fun But if I apply that force equal to the timing of the natural frequency of the swing those little pushes add to each other Go higher Mark Rober And so in this case the resonant frequency increased our fun, but if engineers don't take this into consideration It could lead to disaster such as when wind gusts going at just the right rate destroy the Tacoma Narrows Bridge It's also why soldiers don't march in unison when crossing a bridge So if you measure the natural frequency of the glass with an accelerometer like this Then you just need to make sure your horn fires at that exact frequency or a multiple there of Or you can just change the natural frequency of the glass to match your horn by adding weights in the right spot [Glass break] Shoutout to Lincoln and Dan from What's Inside for helping me out. We actually investigated What's inside an old Japanese air-raid siren for their video? It's a totally different way to make a really loud sound So you should go check that out using the link in the description 

This horn is easily the largest thing I've ever built for my channel and it took eight months of coordination with my former NASA buddy Ken to pull it off The problem is that Ken lives way down here by NASA but I live 400 miles up this way So I partnered with Portal from Facebook to better collaborate on the design and build process So he put a portal in his workshop and I set up a portal plus in mine and besides the high fidelity audio And the HD video. I think the coolest thing about portal is the smart camera feature, which you see in action here So as I would move around my workshop and Ken moved around his the camera frames the video to keep us both centered and this Is great for us because we're not constantly moving the cameras around or tied to just working in one spot and smart sound enhances our voices as we move about so we Can still hear each other regardless of other shop noise [Diaphragm drop off] [Laugh] And of course when it comes to any device in a home, privacy is a big deal So with a single tap portal will allow you to disconnect both the camera and the microphone or if you prefer an analog solution They provide a camera cover Also, the smart camera uses AI technology that runs locally on portal not on some remote servers. At the end of the day, it's a great piece of hardware and it worked really well for us So if you want to learn more about Portal or maybe even get your own just go ahead and use the link in the video description. Thanks for watching Don't forget to Like, comment down below and subscribe for more

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Playing Card Machine Gun- Card Throwing Trick Shots

  Fruit ninja. "Oh!" "In Half!" The idea that a human being can throw a playing card with this kind of power and accuracy is insane to me. Look at that! And while throwing cards isn't necessarily, My strong suit I can design and build stuff so I made the world's first deadly powerful playing card machine gun. So I'm gonna give you a quick overview of the design and performance of my machine And then to really test it out I'm gonna go head-to-head Man vs Machine In a series of challenges against the best card thrower in the world. 

Here we go. So to start off you load a deck of cards in the bottom right here and then there's really two parts to the gun First you want to slide the cards forward one at a time from the top of the deck underneath That's what this belt and pulley are for. And by turning this variable resistor we can adjust the feed speed and then for the second part you've got this main wheel with oring stretched around that's attached to this brushless DC motor The cards are pushed under the wheel and it contacts on the left side and it spins them out underneath like this It works because there's a gap under the spinning wheel That's just barely smaller than the thickness of a single card and to build it as usual first We started in CAD then machined the main body out of aluminum c-channel after that It was just a matter of putting it together and running a lot of tests and so this is what it looks like running in single-shot mode And then machine gun mode And then Robin Hood mode And perhaps my favorite part is if you want extra stability you just push this button I think I'm happy enough with how its performing at this point So now it's time for the real test and to do that I tracked down a man who could throw a playing card through just about anything Rick Smith jr. So how many World Records do you hold Rick? I hold three Guinness Book World Records throwing a playing card the far that's 72 yards 92 miles an hour the highest and considered the most accurate All right. 

So in order to objectively test how good this really is I am challenging the best the human race has to offer three rounds man Versus machine. [Rick] Let's do this. This is like a metaphor. Yeah it is How do you feel with all of humanity's hopes and dreams resting squarely on your shoulders? [Rick] Really worried about this? This is pretty impressive I will say it looks I think a little more intimidating that it is this highly over-engineered. [Rick] Is it? No, no Let's go Okay round one man versus machine, okay How many cards could you do the styrofoam in six seconds? Six seconds? Got plenty of room I got this. This is a machine gun. Start! And time! 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 9 in six seconds! I'll time you. Ready? Well, I didn't want to introduce this yet. Just right out of the gate, but [Rick] What is that? Go! 8, 9, 10, 11, 12! Oh Even though I beat him in the first of our three rounds Rick said he'd show me a few of his trick shots. Round two! Are you ready? Right now? I just want to say. Machines - 1 Humanity - 0 Well, this is about accuracy as your machine accurate as it is fast even more accurate than it is fast, but all I'll prove that to you. I throw the olive up one chance. One chance. slice of clean power Got it. Wow! Completely in half. Am I nervous? No? All right! Time for the machine. Let's go! "Do you know that close?" "It's not close at all!" "Things gonna mean something. Dude." "You switch the olives" "I did not" That's fine. 1 - 1 I guess. Oh my god! That scared me I want you to think of a playing card any playing card on them? We've been playing with cards all day long. Yeah, awesome Name that card now! That's a common card you sure you want that card. Yeah. All right. This is an ASIS play. That's my business card I don't know why that's in there. But you really want the ASA spades. You could change it if you'd like. I don't [Rick] What you're changing it to? Three of clubs. [Rick] I knew he would. Look at this. You look through the cards like this. Look look look, you'll see that one card and one card only is different It happens to be the three of clubs Stop! [Rick] Was that it? So cool My mind just broke. I hate you so much. [Rick] I'm so sorry. 

The world is no longer true. It's witchcraft! And to help calm my very troubled mind before the final showdown I decided we should blow some stuff up. [Rick] Guys ready? And the physics at play here is pretty straightforward If you've ever put your hand out the window of a car You know what happens if you barely angle it up or down. So to fly fast you want to be perfectly level there's this sweet spot right in the middle when I covered the science of the perfect rock skip in another video we talked about how Spinning things are more stable because of Newton's first law So Rick really flicks his wrist to maximize the card rotation Which keeps it stable and level slicing through the air much longer than anyone else on the planet. All right, Rick Smith jr All right Mark Rober. This is the last competition. Okay. What are we doing? First one is sticking in watermelon wins That should be easy one. Try. There's the one catch the cool little twist is we have to shoot under the waterfall Okay. All right. So you're gonna give us a countdown. I'll count down this is it man versus machine? Is it this? Over-engineered NASA piece of junk or the collegiate baseball throwing guinness world record card thrower.Place your bets in the comments below Just don't forget to take this into consideration When I count to three, I'm three, yep one NOO! I'm out! [Rick]You're out? And so while the robot uprising is undeniably marching closer everyday At least for the time being Rick Smith jr. has our back If you want to learn how to throw cards like Rick Smith jr. He actually put up a tutorial video on his channel It's actually a super teachable skill because I started out like this and less than five minutes later I was doing this so Go check that out and sub his channel for more cool magic and card trick shots Rick Could we go maybe a little thinner on those slices Pal? We are in the kitchen right now because I'm about to make a dinner using hellofresh I used to think I hated to cook but it turns out I just hate picking a recipe and grocery shopping And so now when I get home from work, I throw on an audiobook and enter my happy place We tried two other meal kit services

 But the reason we liked hellofresh the best is because not only are the meals really good but the recipe is always six simple steps With pictures for each that take about 30 minutes to make and when the recipe calls for one teaspoon of chopped parsley You don't have to buy this and let it rot in your fridge for the next month You get all the right amounts pre measured out and hella first starts at $6.99 per serving which is why it's the most popular meal Kit in America, so if you want to level up your life with easy inexpensive Home-cooked meals you can get started with six meals free. That's two free meals in each of your first three boxes Just use the link in the video description Or go to HelloFresh.com and enter MarkRober60 for a total of $60 off. Mmm That's good Thanks for watching Hard through just about anything And another go ahead it's do that so you dog

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